Stainless steels are a family of iron based alloys that contain a minimum of 10.5% chromium (CR). The presence of chromium creates an invisible surface film that resists oxidation and makes the material passive or corrosion resistant (stainless). There are multiple families of stainless steel which are designed for various applications and uses. Stainless grades can be further modified to meet various processing, corrosion, temperature and strength conditions.

300 series grade. 

300 Series stainless steels are classified as austenitic, and are hardenable only by cold working methods. These grades of stainless have chromium (approx. 18 to 30%) and nickel (approx. 6 to 20%) as their major alloying additions. Type 304 is the most widely used alloy of all stainless steels. 300 Series Stainless steel alloys resist corrosion, maintain their strength at high temperatures and are easy to maintain.

1.4571 (316Ti) stainless steel

Stainless steel types 1.4401 and 1.4404 are also known as grades 316 and 316L respectively. Grade 316 is an austenitic grade second only to 304 in commercial importance.
316 stainless steel contains an addition of molybdenum that gives it improved corrosion resistance. This is particularly apparent for pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride environments.
316L, the low carbon version of 316 stainless steel, is immune to grain boundary carbide precipitation (sensitisation). This makes it suited to use in heavy gauge (over about 6mm) welded components.
For elevated temperature applications the high carbon variant, 316H stainless steel and the stabilised grade 316Ti stainless steel should be employed.
The austenitic structure of 316 stainless steel gives excellent toughness, even at cryogenic temperatures.
Property data given in this document is typical for bar products covered by EN 10088-3:2005. ASTM, EN or other standards may cover products sold. It is reasonable to expect specifications in these standards to be similar but not necessarily identical to those given in this datasheet.

These SS 316Ti Plates is composed of 20 % nickel and 25 % chromium which efficient in reducing environments such as those that contain sulfur. Combined with its low carbon content, the metal is also effective at resisting embrittlement. SS 316Ti Sheets is commonly utilized in extreme conditions, such as furnace manufacturing and heat treating equipment.

Stainless steel grade 316Ti contains a small amount of titanium. Titanium content is typically only around 0.5%. The titanium atoms stabilise the structure of the 316 at temperatures over 800°C. This prevents carbide precipitation at the grain boundaries and protects the metal from corrosion. The main advantage of 316Ti is that it can be held at higher temperatures for a longer period without sensitisation (precipitation) occurring. 316Ti retains physical and mechanical properties similar to standard grades of 316.1 2 3mm 4x8 316Ti 1.4571 stainless steel sheet/plate/coil price per kg

316Ti SS Sheets & Plates Chemical Composition

 

Mechanical Properties of 316Ti SS Sheets & Plates

 

Stainless Steel 316Ti Sheets & Plates Equivalent Grades

 

Types of 316Ti Stainless Steel Sheets & Plates

Alloy Designations
Stainless Steel Grade 1.4571/316Ti also corresponds to the following designations but may not be a direct equivalent:
UNS S31625
320S31

Supplied Forms
Sheet
Strip
Tube
Bar
Pipe
Plate
Fittings & Flanges

Applications
Initially developed for use in paper mills 316 stainless steel is now typically used in:
 
Food processing equipment
Brewery equipment
Chemical and petrochemical equipment
Laboratory benches & equipment
Coastal architectural panelling
Coastal balustrading
Boat fittings
Chemical transportation containers
Heat exchangers
Mining screens
Nuts and bolts
Springs
Medical implants

Corrosion Resistance
Grade 316 has excellent corrosion resistance when exposed to a range of corrosive environments and media. It is usually regarded as "marine grade" stainless steel but is not resistant to warm sea water. Warm chloride environments can cause pitting and crevice corrosion. Grade 316 is also subject to stress corrosion cracking above around 60°C.

Heat Resistance
316 has good resistance to oxidation in intermittent service to 870°C and in continuous service to 925°C. However, continuous use at 425-860°C is not recommended if corrosion resistance in water is required. In this instance 316L is recommended due to its resistance to carbide precipitation.
Where high strength is required at temperatures above 500°C, grade 316H is recommended.

Fabrication
Fabrication of all stainless steels should be done only with tools dedicated to stainless steel materials. Tooling and work surfaces must be thoroughly cleaned before use. These precautions are necessary to avoid cross contamination of stainless steel by easily corroded metals that may discolour the surface of the fabricated product.

Cold Working
Grade 316 is readily brake or roll formed into a variety of parts. It is also suited to stamping, heading and drawing but post work annealing is recommended to relieve internal stresses.
Cold working will increase both strength and hardness of 316 stainless steel.

Hot Working
All common hot working processes can be performed on 316 stainless steel. Hot working should be avoided below 927°C. The ideal temperature range for hot working is 1149-1260°C. Post-work annealing is recommended to ensure optimum corrosion resistance.

Machinability
316 stainless steel has good machinability. Machining can be enhanced using the following rules:
 
~ Cutting edges must be kept sharp. Dull edges cause excess work hardening.
~ Cuts should be light but deep enough to prevent work hardening by riding on the surface of the material.
~ Chip breakers should be employed to assist in ensuring swarf remains clear of the work
~ Low thermal conductivity of austenitic alloys results in heat concentrating at the cutting edges.  This means coolants and lubricants are necessary and must be used in large quantities.

Heat Treatment
316 stainless steel cannot be hardened by heat treatment.
Solution treatment or annealing can be done by rapid cooling after heating to 1010-1120°C.

Weldability
Fusion welding performance for 316 stainless steel is excellent both with and without fillers. Recommended filler rods and electrodes for 316 and 316L are the same as the base metal, 316 and 316L respectively. Heavy welded sections may require post-weld annealing. Grade 316Ti may be used as an alternative to 316 in heavy section welds.
1 2 3mm 4x8 316Ti 1.4571 stainless steel sheet/plate/coil price per kg


Other common available stainless steel material for reference:

Stainless steel 304/304L Grade : 

Type 304/304L is the modern version of "18-8" stainless steel containing approximately 18% chromium and 8% nickel and is the most commonly specified stainless steel used throughout the world. Type 304/304L is a versatile, general purpose stainless steel with good resistance to atmospheric corrosion, and to many chemicals and food and beverages. These grades can be specified in the annealed condition where they have very good formability. Higher nickel versions can be specified to enhance multi-stage deep drawing characteristics. Higher strength, cold-worked conditions can also be specified for Type 304/304L for spring type applications. Type 304/304L is non-magnetic in the annealed condition but may become slightly magnetic as a result of cold working.

Type 304L can be dual certified as 304 when the composition meets the lower carbon limit of 304L and the slightly higher strength levels of 304. Type 304L should be specified for welded applications as the low carbon version eliminates chromium carbide precipitation and enhances the corrosion resistance in the as-welded condition.

Another common material Stainless steel 316/316L Grade : 

Alloy 316/316L is molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steel. The higher nickel and molybdenum content in this grade allows it to demonstrate better overall corrosion resistant properties than 304, especially with regard to pitting and crevice corrosion in chloride environments. In addition, Alloy 316/ 316L provides excellent elevated temperature tensile, creep and stress-rupture strengths, as well as outstanding formability and weldability. 316L is the lower carbon version of 316 and is immune from sensitization; therefore, it is very frequently used in heavy gauge welded components.

Stainless steel 347 grade:

Alloy 347 is a stabilized, austenitic, chromium steel containing columbium which allows for the elimination of carbide precipitation, and, consequently, intergranualr corrosion. Alloy 347 is stabilized by the additions of chromium and tantalum and offers higher creep and stress rupture properties than alloy 304 and 304L which may also be used for exposures where sensitization and intergranualr corrosion are of concern. The addition of columbium also allows Alloy 347 to have excellent corrosion resistance, even superior to that of alloy 321. 347H is the higher carbon composition form of Alloy 347 and demonstrates improved high temperature and creep properties.

Stainless steel 321/321H grade.

Alloy 321 (UNS S32100) is a titanium stabilized austenitic stainless steel with good general corrosion resistance. It has excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion after exposure to temperatures in the chromium carbide precipitation range of 800 - 1500°F (427 - 816°C). The alloy resists oxidation to 1500°F (816°C) and has higher creep and stress rupture properties than alloys 304 and 304L. It also possesses good low temperature toughness.

Alloy 321H (UNS S 32109) is the higher carbon (0.04 - 0.10) version of the alloy. It was developed for enhanced creep resistance and for higher strength at temperatures above 1000oF (537°C). In most instances, the carbon content of the plate enables dual certification.

Alloy 321 cannot be hardened by heat treatment, only by cold working. It can be easily welded and processed by standard shop fabrication practices.

Stainless steel 309 309S 310 310S grade:

The 309 stainless steel has a higher corrosion resistance and strength compared to 304 stainless steel. This product is versatile and known for its high heat treatment capabilities.Great ductility, weldability, and high-temperature properties make 310 Stainless Steel the ideal choice for projects that require service at temperatures up to 1150 degrees Celsius. Grade 310 resists oxidation and is also used at temperatures up to 1040 degrees Celsius intermittently. Similar to other austenitic steel grades, toughness down to cryogenic temperatures is another feature of 310.1 2 3mm 4x8 316Ti 1.4571 stainless steel sheet/plate/coil price per kg